Visualization of Anti-Pulverization of Nickel Sulfide in Hierarchical Carbons Shells
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Nickel sulfide (NiS) has attracted attention as an anode material for lithium ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity (590 mAh g -1 ), high thermal stability and low resistance compared to traditional metal oxides. However, the main problem of this NiS was a pulverization of the electrode after some cycles, and hence it was electrochemically isolated. In this study, the mixture of NiS and CaCO 3 nanoparticles were coated with carbon by toluene CVD. As a result, the carbon shell layer with a hierarchical structure was formed around NiS, and the resultant material had a superior capacity of 575 mAh g -1 at 0.1 A g -1 for the anode material of lithium ion battery. In long-term cycle test, nickel sulfide was pulverized, but resultant pieces were preserved by the coated carbon shell during 100 th cycle. However, after 100 th cycles, the pulverization occurred continuously, and NiS was separated into metallic nickel and lithium sulfide. This lithium sulfide converted into polysulfides that have high solubility and mobility in the electrolyte, and the polysulfides eventually escaped out of the carbon shell. As a result, the capacity increased up to 606 mAh g -1 until 97 th cycle, and then it decreased to 483 mAh g -1 at 200 th cycle. This phenomenon was observed by the visualization of cycle-by-cycle TEM images and confirmed using additional ex situ analyses.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it