T13. CORNEAL CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY DETECTS NEURAL CHANGES IN SCHIZOPHRENIA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background A combination of neurodevelopmental and degenerative neural changes are likely to underpin positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia. However, there are currently no validated biomarkers to accurately quantify the extent of neural changes in schizophrenia. Corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) is a non-invasive ophthalmic imaging technique that has been used to demonstrate in vivo corneal nerve fiber abnormalities in a range of peripheral neuropathies and central neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis and dementia. We wished to test the hypothesis that corneal nerve abnormalities occur in patients with schizophrenia, particularly those with negative symptoms and cognitive impairment. Methods Patients with DSM-V schizophrenia without other causes of peripheral neuropathy other than metabolic syndrome underwent assessment of clinical ratings (Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS), cognitive function (Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) and Corneal confocal microscopy (CCM), vibration perception threshold (VPT) and sudomotor function testing. Healthy controls underwent the same assessments apart from PANSS. Results 55 subjects without (n=38) and with schizophrenia (n=17) with comparable mean age (35.7±8.5 vs 35.6±12.2, P=0.96) were studied. Patients with schizophrenia had significantly higher body weight (93.9±25.5 vs 77.1±10.1, P=0.02) and lower Low Density Lipoproteins (2.6±1.0 vs 3.4±0.7, P=0.02) compared with healthy controls. The proportion of gender, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, HbA1c, cholesterol, triglyceride and High Density Lipoproteins were comparable between the two groups. Patients with schizophrenia had significantly lower corneal nerve fibre density (CNFD, fibers/mm2) (35.6±6.5 vs 23.5±7.8, p<0.0001), branch density (CNBD, branches/mm2) (98.1±30.6 vs 34.4±26.9, p<0.0001), and fibre length (CNFL, mm/mm2) (24.2±3.9 vs 14.3±4.7, p<0.0001) compared with healthy controls but no difference in peripheral neuropathy assessed by VPT and sudomotor function testing. The area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (95% CI) of CNFD, CNBD, CNFL to distinguish patients with schizophrenia from healthy controls were 87.0% (76.8–98.2%), 93.2% (84.2–102.3%), 93.2% (84.4–102.1%), respectively. Discussion These preliminary results:
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".