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Record W3027461709

The allocation of taxing rights for highly digitalised business models: in search of a fair and neutral solution

2020· article· en· W3027461709 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
José Ángel Gómez Requena

Bibliographic record

VenueRevista técnica tributaria · 2020
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEnvironmental Science
TopicFinance, Taxation, and Governance
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsPolitical scienceHumanitiesPhilosophy
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

El objeto de este articulo es analizar el impacto de los modelos de negocio altamente digitalizados en el reparto de los derechos de gravamen. El reto abarca introducir nuevas reglas del nexo y de reasignacion de los beneficios, que requiere de una modificacion para autorizar a los estados de la fuente/mercado y asi cumplir con el mandato post-BEPS de tributar en el territorio donde se ha generado el valor. Los modelos de negocio altamente digitalizados se aprovechan de los datos y contenidos generados por los usuarios para crear valor y obtener beneficios. En opinion del autor, la solucion a este problema debe respetar las condiciones establecidas en el acuerdo marco de Ottawa de la OCDE para la tributacion del comercio electronico y especialmente lo establecido en el mismo respecto a la neutralidad y justicia fiscal. Dada la dificultad que supone implantar un nuevo concepto de establecimiento permanente virtual a corto o medio plazo, el autor propone tres alternativas que respectan la neutralidad y justicia fiscal, atribuyendo a las jurisdicciones de mercado el derecho a gravar: 1) Creando un nuevo tipo de ingreso en base al articulo de los servicios e publicidad de los Convenios. 2) Haciendo una interpretacion expansiva del concepto de canones en el que se incluya como tales los servicios prestados en la nube. 3) Mediante un nuevo metodo de distribucion del resultado residual que tenga en cuenta factores tanto del lado de la oferta como de la demanda.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.584
Threshold uncertainty score0.245

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.021
GPT teacher head0.225
Teacher spread0.205 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2020
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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