Reel-to-Reel Fabrication of In-Fiber Low-Loss and High-Temperature Stable Rayleigh Scattering Centers for Distributed Sensing
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a method of reel-to-reel femtosecond laser direct writing that enables the continuous inscription of low-loss and high-temperature stable Rayleigh scattering centers inside the core of single-mode optical fibers for distributed temperature sensing up to 1000°C. By examining the correlation between the Rayleigh backscattering profile and the cross-section morphology of femtosecond laser-induced nanograting in fiber cores, this paper reveals the mechanisms that underlie the fabrication of high-temperature stable distributed fiber sensors with low loss. By fine-tuning laser exposure conditions, the femtosecond laser-fabricated Rayleigh scattering enhanced section could achieve an optimized propagation loss of 0.01 dB/cm with an increased signal-to-noise ratio of over 35 dB for meters of lengths. Long-term high-temperature stability of the Rayleigh scattering enhanced section was successfully demonstrated, with improved thermal stability and signal-to-noise ratio. The fabrication method presented here provides a promising technique to improve the performance of Optical Frequency-Domain Reflectometry based distributed sensing for harsh environment applications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".