Neural dynamics supporting auditory long-term memory effects on target detection
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Auditory long-term memory has been shown to facilitate signal detection. However, the nature and timing of the cognitive processes supporting such benefits remain equivocal. We measured neuroelectric brain activity while young adults were presented with a contextual memory cue designed to assist with the detection of a faint pure tone target embedded in an audio clip of an everyday environmental scene (e.g., the soundtrack of a restaurant). During an initial familiarization task, participants heard such audio clips, half of which included a target sound (memory cue trials) at a specific time and location (left or right ear), as well as audio clips without a target (neutral trials). Following a 1-h or 24-h retention interval, the same audio clips were presented, but now all included a target. Participants were asked to press a button as soon as they heard the pure tone target. Overall, participants were faster and more accurate during memory than neutral cue trials. The auditory contextual memory effects on performance coincided with three temporally and spatially distinct neural modulations, which encompassed changes in the amplitude of event-related potential as well as changes in theta, alpha, beta and gamma power. Brain electrical source analyses revealed greater source activity in memory than neutral cue trials in the right superior temporal gyrus and left parietal cortex. Conversely, neutral trials were associated with greater source activity than memory cue trials in the left posterior medial temporal lobe. Target detection was associated with increased negativity (N2), and a late positive (P3b) wave at frontal and parietal sites, respectively. The effect of auditory contextual memory on brain activity preceding target onset showed little lateralization. Together, these results are consistent with contextual memory facilitating retrieval of target-context associations and deployment and management of auditory attentional resources to when the target occurred. The results also suggest that the auditory cortices, parietal cortex, and medial temporal lobe may be parts of a neural network enabling memory-guided attention during auditory scene analysis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".