The cognition impairment of Parkinson's disease subtypes and risk factors for cognitive dysfunction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective To explore the cognition impairment of Parkinson's disease (PD) subtypes and the risk factors for cognitive dysfunction. Methods Totally56 patients with PD and 30 control subjects were selected. All patients were assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Montreal cognitive assessment scale (MoCA), digital span test scale (DS), block design test scale (BD). The cognition impairment status of PD subtype was compared between the two groups. Risk factors for cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease were analyzed by the multiple regression analysis. Results The scores (or accuracy) of visuospatial / executive function, memory, repeat, attention, animal naming, understanding, calculation, orientation in PD patients and control group were (29.84±13.78) and (44.63±10.95), (17.64±3.00) and (21.93±2.12), (1.64±0.90) and (2.40±0.62), 64.29% and 86.67%, (2.25±0.77) and (2.70±0.47), (2.66±0.67) and (2.93±0.25), (3.98±1.17) and (4.93±0.25), (9.59±0.68) and (9.93±0.25) respectively, and there were statistically significant differences in above indictors between two groups (t=-5.080, -7.707, -4.571, -3.374, -2.710, -5.844, -3.367, respectively, χ2=4.86, all P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that the cognitive function had a positive correlation with education status, had negative correlations with duration of disease, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS)- Ⅲ, Hoehn and Yahr (H-Y) staging, Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) (MMSE: r=0.488, -0.682, -0.478, -0.465, -0.611, -0.538, respectively, all P<0.05, MoCA: r=0.553, -0.583, -0.396, -0.384, -0.499, -0.444, respectively, all P<0.05), and had no correlation with gender, age, age of onset. Taking the duration of disease, education status, UPDRS- Ⅲ, H-Y grade, HAMA, HRSD as the independent variable, MMSE, MoCA as the dependent variable, multiple linear regression analysis showed that only the duration of disease and education status had effects on cognitive dysfunction in PD (MMSE: β=-0.042, 0.196, both P=0.000, MoCA: β=-0.052, 0.367, both P<0.05). Conclusions The key points of cognition impairment in PD patients are the impairments in visuospatial/executive function, memory, repeat, attention, animal naming, understanding, calculation and orientation. The duration of disease and low level of education are the risk factors for cognitive dysfunction in patients with Parkinson's disease. Key words: Parkinson disease; Cognition disorders
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".