Cognitive functions of patients with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective To investigate the changes of cognitive functions in patients with rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD). Methods Twenty-five patients fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of RBD according to the International Sleep Disorder Association (Second Edition), admitted to our hospital from January 2011 to March 2014, were enrolled, and other 25 age and gender matched normal controls were recruited. All RBD patients were video-monitored during the recordings of electroencephalography, electrooculography, electromyography on chin and limbs, electrocardiography, nasal airflow, thoracic and abdominal respiratory movement, oxygen and snore. The sleep architecture was analyzed on the software of Polysmith and visual analysis. The cognitive functions were evaluated by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Results Classical clinical manifestations and typical results of polysomnography were noted in RBD patients: paroxysmal increased activities of the limbs or shouting at night, and no disappearance of jaw or limb muscle activity during sleeping enjoyed a phase or characterized increase. The total MMSE scores in RBD patients (28.44±1.58) were lower than those in normal controls (29.12±0.97, t=3.351, P=0.073); the total MoCA scores between RBD patients and normal controls were significantly different (24.72±2.70 vs. 27.68±0.80, t=27.598, P=0.000), MoCA scores of attention and memory sub-items were significantly lower than those of normal controls (P< 0.05), and those of language sub-items were lower without statistical significance as compared with those of normal controls (P=0.083). The courses of RBD had significantly negative correlations with MoCA scores, attention and memory sub-items (r=-0.638,-0.622 and-0.626, P=0.003, 0.014 and 0.008). Conclusions The patients with RBD have obvious cognitive changes. MoCA is a better tool than MMSE to identify the cognitive impairment and the most significant cognitive impairment in RBD patients includes attention and memory dysfunctions. Key words: Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder; Cognitive function; Mini-Mental State Examination; Montreal Cognitive Assessment; Synucleinopathy
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".