Hydrogen proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of hippocampus of patients with general paresis of insane and Alzheimer's disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective To investigate the characteristics of hydrogen proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in bilateral hippocampus in patients with general paresis of insane (GPI) and Alzheimer' s disease (AD). Methods The metabolic ratios of N-acetylaspartate/creatine (NAA/Cr), choline (Cho) /Cr, NAA/Cho, Cho/NAA and myo-inositol (mI) /Cr in bilateral hippocampus were determined by 1H-MRS in 35 patients with GPI, 27 patients with AD and 38 normal controls (NC), and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale (MoCA) scores were evaluated on the same day. Results The NAA/Cr in bilateral hippocampus of patients with GPI and AD was significantly lower than that of the NC (left: 1.48±0.25, 1.52±0.28 and 1.71±0.36, F=5.928, P=0.004; right: 1.47±0.38, 1.62±0.36 and 1.82±0.42, F=7.309, P=0.001). The Cho/NAA in right hippocampus of patients with GPI (0.68±0.48) was significantly higher than that of the AD patients (0.49±0.15) and NC (0.53±0.14, P=0.024, P=0.045). There was no significant correlation between the metabolic ratios in bilateral hippocampus of patients with GPI and AD and the scores of MMSE and MoCA. Conclusion Patients with GPI and AD have neuronal dysfunction in bilateral hippocampus. Key words: Neurosyphilis; Alzheimer disease; Hippocampus; Magnetic resonance spectroscopy
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".