The influence of collateral circulation on the cognitive functioning of patients with severe unilateral carotid artery stenosis or occlusion
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective To explore the influence of collateral circulation on the cognition of persons with severe unilateral carotid artery stenosis or occlusion using transcranial Doppler (TCD) imaging combined with P300. Methods A total of 185 patients with stenosis or occlusion of the carotid artery were enrolled and randomly divided into a monocollateral group (n=83), a multicollateral group (n=79) and a noncollateral group (n=23). The monocollateral group was further divided into an anterior communicating artery (AcoA) group, an ophthalmic artery (OA) group and a post communicating artery (PcoA) group according to their collateral circulation. All patients and 40 normal controls (NC) were tested using the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) and P300, and the correlation between the MoCA and P300 scores was analyzed. Results Compared with the NC group, all the other three groups had significantly lower average MoCA scores and P300 amplitudes. They also had significantly longer average P300 latency periods. Compared with the multicollateral group, both the monocollateral and noncollateral groups had significantly lower average MoCA scores and P300 amplitudes and longer P300 latencies. Comparing the monocollateral group with the noncollateral group revealed the same trends. Among the monocollateral patients the average MoCA score of the AcoA group was significantly higher than the PcoA and OA group averages, while their average P300 latency period was significantly shorter and the amplitude significantly greater than the PcoA group′s average. Correlation analyses showed that the MoCA score was negatively correlated with the P300 latency, but positively correlated with the P300 amplitude. Conclusions Collateral circulation can protect the cognitive function of patients with unilateral stenosis or occlusion of the internal carotid artery to some extent, with multicollateral circulation being more effective than monocollateral and AcoA circulation superior to both PcoA and OA circulation. The MoCA score is significantly correlated with the latency period of P300 in such cases. Key words: Transcranial Doppler imaging; P300; Internal carotid artery; Stenosis; Occlusion; Collateral circulation; Cognitive impairment
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".