Analysis of occipital lobe activation during functional MRI in patients with open-angle glaucoma and correlation with clinical results
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the activation of the visual cortex in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and to explore whether the neuronal activity corresponds with retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and cup-to-disc (C/D) values. Methods Twenty-five patients and 25 gender-and age-matched healthy volunteers were studied.Blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-f MRI) and three-dimensional brain volume imaging (3D BRAVO) sequences were obtained using 3 T MR imaging system.A full-screen black-white shift checkerboard was used for visual stimulus during the f MRIexperiment and was performed on each eye of all subjects using a visual-acoustical system.All acquired data were postprocessed and analyzed by statistical parametric mapping (SPM).After analysis,individual activated mapping,intra-group mean activated mapping,and inter-group variant mapping were observed.The voxel number,intensity,and Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) coordinate of the activated clusters were recorded.The Xjviewer software was utilized to obtain activated voxel numbers in occipital lobe.A Pearson correlated test was performed to test the correlation between the number of activated voxels and RNFL,C/D and Hodapp-Anderson-Parrish (HAP) clinical stage. Results Intra-group mean activated mappings of both patients and volunteers showed obvious activation in bilateral occipital lobes.As compared with healthy volunteers,the POAG patients exhibited statistically significantly decreased activation in bilateral occipital lobes,left hippocampus,and left cerebellum,along with lower mean RNFL[ (71.56±21.54) μm versus (111.88±9.96) μm] and higher C/D values (0.71±0.18 versus 0.36±0.08; tvalue was respectively-10.901 and 11.643,P 0.05). Conclusions f MRI demonstrated differences in visual cortex activation in POAG patients relative to healthy volunteers,suggesting it might be a promising complementary method for diagnosing glaucoma.However,f MRI findings did not correlate with POAG extent,as measured by RNFL and C/ D values.Ophthalmological examination remains to play an important role in the evaluation of openangle glaucoma. Key words: Glaucoma; Magnetic resonance imaging; Photic stimulus
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".