Rs-fMRI changes of posterior cingulate cortex in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with cognitive impairment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective To investigate the resting-state functional alteration in posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) in Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients with cognitive impairment and to determine the relationship of rs-fMRI changes with cognitive decline. Methods Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed T2DM patients with impaired cognition (n=19) and healthy control subjects (n=20). The amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) values were calculated in left PCC to represent the spontaneous brain activity. Using left PCC as a seed region, the functional connectivity of the whole brain was mapped. In addition, correlation analysis was conducted among ALFF, ReHo, and neuropsychological test scores. Results The ALFF values of left PCC (0.72±0.37) was decreased compared with the control group(1.09±0.46), but the ReHo value(1.12±0.10)was not significantly changed compared with control group (1.14±0.11). The functional connectivity was decreased with the left medial temporal lobe, left superior and middle temporal gyrus, right superior frontal gyrus, and right supplementary motor area (SMA), while it was increased with the left middle frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus and right cerebella. MoCA scores were positively correlated with the ALFF values of left PCC. Conclusion In resting state, the spontaneous activity and functional connectivity of PCC is altered in T2DM patients with cognitive impairement; and the function of PCC contributes to the cognitive decline associated with T2DM.The decrease of ALFF value of PCC may help to detect the cognitive decline of T2DM. Key words: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Resting-state functional MRI; Cognitive decline; Posterior cingulate cortex
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".