Association between cognitive impairments and blood pressure variability during the day/night cycle in elderly patients treated with hemodialysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective To investigate the relationship between cognitive impairments in elderly patients receiving hemodialysis and blood pressure variability during the day/night cycle. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed in 106 hemodialysis patients to evaluate cognitive function with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and blood pressure variability with a 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitor.A multi-Logistic regression was conducted to analyze potential risk factors associated with cognitive impairments. Results A hundred and six patients had an average age of(73.1±12.9)years.Sixty-nine out of 106 (63.4%) suffered cognitive impairments with MoCA scores lower than 26.Measurements for patients with cognitive impairments versus patients without cognitive impairments included twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood systolic pressure[(151.3±20.1)mmHg vs.(131.1±11.7)mmHg, P<0.05], day-time average systolic blood pressure[(167.6±28.2)mmHg vs.(139.1±14.2)mmHg, P<0.05], night-time average systolic blood pressure[(139.9±18.5)mmHg vs.(100.2±11.3)mmHg, P<0.05], difference in systolic blood pressure between day and night[(167.6±28.2)mmHg vs.(139.1±14.2)mmHg, P<0.05], and coefficient of variation of systolic blood pressure[(8.2±1.6)% vs.(19.9±2.9)%, χ2=44.67, P<0.05]. Multi-logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR: 1.5, 95%CI: 1.1-2.2, P<0.05), education level (OR: 1.8, 95%CI: 1.4-2.5, P<0.05), anemia (OR: 1.7, 95%CI: 1.1-2.6, P<0.05), and diabetes (OR: 2.1, 95%CI: 1.7-3.1, P<0.05) were associated with cognitive impairments.Moreover, the coefficient of variation of systolic blood pressure was also independently correlated with cognitive impairments (OR: 1.4, 95%CI: 1.1-1.9, P<0.05). Conclusions Cognitive impairment has a high prevalence among elderly hemodialysis patients and is associated with anemia, age, education level, hypertension and diabetes.Besides, the coefficient of variation of low systolic blood pressure may be an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment. Key words: Renal dialysis; Cognitive function; Blood pressure variability
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".