Physical modeling and arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian finite element analysis of indentation of a sensitive clay by a flat-ended axisymmetrical indenter
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Because indentation tests which are used in several engineering fields allow obtaining material strength parameters in a fast, reliable and reproducible manner, the present study was initiated with the aim of finding out whether such tests could also be used in geotechnical engineering. Experimental results are obtained from undrained indentation tests performed with a rigid flat-tipped, cylindrical indenter on Champlain clay specimens in order to deduce values of elastic moduli and yield stresses. These values are compared to those deduced from unconfined compression tests. Results of an Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) based finite element analysis that simulates such test are also presented. It is assumed that the clay behaves as a linear-elastic, perfectly plastic material obeying von-Mises yield criterion. A frictionless contact interface is chosen to realistically model interactions on the indenter-clay, clay-platen and clay-ring interfaces. The paper presents distributions of contact pressures beneath the indenter and along lateral and lower boundaries. Typical contours of von Mises deviator stress and equivalent plastic strain corresponding to different indentation depths in the clay specimen are presented. It is also shown that the presence of hairline cracks on the clay along the perimeter of the indenter and the limited thickness of the sample affect the deduced values of Young’s modulus and yield stress.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".