Plasma Phospholipid Fatty Acids and Breast Cancer Risk in Alberta’s Tomorrow Project
Bibliographic record
Abstract
It is estimated that lifestyle factors, such as dietary intake, contribute up to 21% of all breast cancer (BC) cases. High dietary intakes of omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA) have been associated with a reduced incidence of BC. Dietary intake of n-3 LCPUFA typically correlate with blood fatty acid concentrations, but the relationship between blood fatty acid concentrations and BC risk has not yet been established. We hypothesized that higher plasma phospholipid (PL) content of n-3 LCPUFAs would be associated with a reduced risk of BC. Plasma samples and relevant covariables were obtained from 614 age-matched women (203 with BC/411 control) from a nested case-control within Alberta's Tomorrow Project. PL fatty acid concentration and relative % composition were determined from baseline plasma samples (collected 9–16 years pre-BC diagnosis). Principal component analysis was employed to determine predictive models for fatty acid clusters. Conditional logistic regression models controlled for covariates were used to assess the relative risk of BC (odds ratio-OR) by fatty acid content. Sub-group analyses by menopausal status and BMI at baseline were also performed. When adjusted for BMI and menopausal status, individual fatty acids, including linoleic acid (OR = 1.75, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.08,2.84, P < 0.04) and arachidonic acid (OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.03,2.49, P < 0.04), were positively associated with BC risk. However, composite analysis of grouped fatty acids were found to be stronger indicators of risk – total PUFA (µg/mL; OR = 2.25, 95% CI = 1.4,3.44, P < 0.001), total n-6 PUFA (OR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.32,3.36, P < 0.002), and total n-3 PUFA (OR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.06,2.32, P < 0.02), were independent predictors of BC risk. In contrast to epidemiological dietary evidence, this study found an increased risk of BC with higher plasma concentrations of n-3 LCPUFA. However, the absolute n-3 concentration in this population was low, and therefore a second cohort is being assessed to validate these results. Overall, this study suggests that risk of BC cannot be predicted by isolated fatty acid blood concentrations, but that the balance of different fatty acids or the combination of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids may be a better predictor of BC. Funded by Women and Children's Health Research Institute.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".