On the adsorption kinetics and mechanism of enhanced photocatalytic activity of <scp>Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>‐SiO<sub>2</sub>‐TiO<sub>2</sub></scp> core‐multishell nanoparticles against <i>E. coli</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In the present study, a Fe 3 O 4 ‐TiO 2 (FT) core‐shell and a core‐multishell structure of Fe 3 O 4 ‐SiO 2 ‐TiO 2 (FST) were synthesized, and their bactericidal capability was investigated on Escherichia coli ( E. coli ). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis), X‐ray diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, zeta potential, and fluorimetry were carried out to characterize properties of synthesized nanoparticles. An efficiency of 98% adsorption and harsh bacterial damage was observed when E. coli was put in contact with FST. Weaker adsorption of bacteria in contact with FT demonstrated that heterojunction has destructive effects on nanostructure. Further investigation proved that more OH were produced on the surface of FST, which is a sign of its longer lifetime. Moreover, results revealed that the presence of SiO 2 in the structure caused enhanced coverage, surface area, and porosity in TiO 2 outer layer, all of which have positive effects on adsorption. However, UV–vis showed smaller band gap for FT. It suggests that although photoactivity of FST is less influenced by light absorption, it possesses more e/h lifetime for generation of reactive oxygen species. Results point to the importance of SiO 2 as an obstacle of heterojunction on both adsorption and photoactivity. It was also proposed that increasing band gap in FST can be attributed to the porosity of SiO 2 that causes suppression of TiO 2 nanocrystallite growth.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".