Cognitive changes in men undergoing complete androgen blockade for non-metastatic prostate cancer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective To observe and assess the cognitive changes in older men undergoing complete androgen blockade for non-metastatic prostate cancer.Methods A prospective study was conducted among 38 patients (74.5 ± 4.3) years with non-metastatic prostate cancer undergoing complete androgen blockade and 37 controls (71.9±5.1) years with non-metastatic prostate cancer undergoing radical prostatectomy.Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) were performed in all subjects at tbe beginning and 6,12months after the study,and the differences were analyzed statistically.There was no statistically significant difference between CAB group and control (27.92±1.05 vs 27.97±0.80,P=0.81) in the overall scores of MoCA at the onset of the study.Results There were no significant differences between two groups in the baseline of testosterone [(12.07±3.68 nmol/L) vs (12.51±3.91 nmolL),P=0.62].Six months later,the scores of visuospatial and executive function,attention,memories in the items of MoCA and total MoCA scores between CAB group and control were (4.26±0.59 vs 4.70±0.46,P=0.001),(4.87±0.66 vs 5.38±0.56,P=0.001),(4.08±0.70 vs 4.62±0.64,P=0.001) and (26.63±0.91 vs 27.78±0.82,P＜0.001),and there were significant differences between two groups.There were no significant differences between CAB group and control in the items of MoCA score,including language (2.81±0.39 vs 2.78±0.42,P=0.73),abstract thinking (1.92±0.27 vs 1.92±0.28,P =0.97),orientation (5.84± 0.36 vs 5.65± 0.36,P =0.18)and naming (2.89±0.30 vs 2.73±0.44,P=0.07).Twelve months later,the scores of visuospatial and executive function,attention,memories and total MoCA scores between CAB group and control were (4.29±0.61vs4.70±0.46,P=0.002),(5.02±0.67 vs 5.49±0.56,P=0.002),(3.84±0.64 vs4.68±0.53,P＜0.001)and (26.31±0.94 vs 27.87±0.84,P＜0.001),and tbere were significant differences between two groups.There were no significant differences between CAB group and control in the items of MoCA score,including language (2.87±0.33 vs 2.78±0.42,P=0.34),abstract thinking (1.92±0.27 vs 1.84±0.38,P=0.27),orientation (5.68±0.47 vs 5.54±0.50,P=0.31).In CAB patients,the MoCA score was positively correlated with serum testosterone level 6(r=0.272,P=0.01) and 12 (r=0.218,P=0.009) months later.The prevalence of cognitive impairment in CAB (7/38,18.4％) was higher than the control (1/37,2.7％),and there were significant differences (x2 =4.79,P =0.029).Conclusions Non-metastatic prostate cancer undergoing complete androgen blockade have serious cognitive dysfunction,which is correlated with serum testosterone decrease.Visuospatial and executive function,memories,attention may be predictors of cognitive dvsfunction. Key words: Prostate cancer; Complete androgen blockade; Cognition; Cognitive dysfunction
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".