Randomized Controlled Crossover Dose-Response Trial Shows Low Dose (2 g) Barley β-Glucan Provided in Waffles Lowers Post-Prandial Glycaemic Response In Healthy Adults
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Barley β-glucan (BG) has reported post-prandial (PP) glycemic response lowering effects. The objective of this study was to ascertain the minimum and most effective dose of BG on PP glucose and insulin response using waffles as the test food. Healthy adults (7 men/17 women) completed a randomized controlled crossover trial at the Asper Research Institute in Winnipeg, MB. Each participant attended five 2.5-hour study visits separated by 3–14 days (average = 7 days). At each visit participants ate waffles containing 30 g available carbohydrates (AC) with varied doses of BG (0, 2, 4, or 6 g). Wheat waffles with low fibre and protein (0g-1) and wheat waffles matched to BG waffles for insoluble dietary fibre and protein (0g-2) were used as controls. The order of treatments was random. Fasting, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 minute PP capillary blood samples were collected for analysis of blood glucose and plasma insulin levels. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance with treatment, participant, visit number and interaction between treatment and visit number included in the model. Differences (P ≤ 0.05) among treatments were determined using least square means adjusted using the Tukey option. There was a significant effect of treatment on both glucose and insulin iAUC (P < 0.0001). Glucose iAUC was 31–40% lower after eating 2, 4 and 6 g BG waffles compared to both 0 g waffles. Glucose iAUC was not significantly different between 0 g waffles or among BG waffles. Insulin iAUC was not significantly different between 0 g waffles. Insulin iAUC was 32% lower after eating 2 g BG compared to 0g-1, but not significantly different from 0g-2 waffles. Insulin iAUC was 36–58% lower after eating 4 and 6 g BG compared to both 0 g waffles, and 38% lower after eating 6 g BG compared to 2 g BG waffles. The low dose (2 g BG per 30 g AC) provided a physiological benefit (reduction in PP glucose response >20%). Increasing dose to 4 or 6 g BG did not provide additional glucose lowering benefits, but insulin response decreased as BG dose increased. Lack of difference in glucose and insulin iAUC between the two 0 g control waffles (insoluble fibre 1 g vs 8 g; soluble fibre 0 g), but higher PP glycemic responses than BG waffles emphasizes that the type of fibre is key to PP glycemic responses. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".