Effectiveness of interventions targeting community integration among individuals with lived experiences of homelessness: A systematic review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Community integration (CI) has been identified as a key outcome of programs designed to improve the lives of homeless and recently housed individuals (Gaetz, The State of Homelessness in Canada 2016, 2016). Although researchers have explored the extent to which Housing First (HF) impacts on social integration (Quilgars & Pleace, Soc. Incl., 4, 2016), little is known about the range and effectiveness of other interventions on CI more broadly. We conducted a systematic review of experimental studies using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines. Our search strategy was deployed in six databases: EMBASE, CINAHL, PsychINFO, Medline, Sociological Abstracts, and Proquest Dissertations and Theses. Our search was initiated in 2017 and updated on May 5, 2019. Using the definition of CI identified by Wong & Solomon (Ment. Health Serv. Res., 4:13-28, 2002), two independent raters screened 14,158 titles and abstracts after the removal of duplicates. A total of 157 articles were subjected to full-text review. Studies published in the English language and involving participants of any age were included. We conducted a critical appraisal of 25 studies using the JBI checklists for quasi-experimental and randomised controlled trials (Tufanaru, Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers Manual, 2017), and subsequently excluded four studies as they did not meet a pre-established quality threshold score of 50/100. A total of 21 studies were included in a narrative synthesis. Critical appraisal scores ranged from 53.8-100 (Mdn = 69.2). Interventions evaluated in existing literature included housing and housing support interventions (n = 9), HF (n = 5), psychosocial interventions (n = 5), and employment interventions (n = 2). A meta-analysis could not be performed due to the heterogeneity of outcomes in included studies. Aspects of CI measured by researchers included social (n = 17), psychological (n = 6), and physical (n = 4) integration. Studies that evaluated HF and housing and housing support interventions demonstrated surprisingly mixed or a lack of effectiveness for promoting CI. Psychosocial interventions were the most promising, specifically those which incorporated an element of peer support. Findings of literature included in this review suggests that there is inconsistency in the extent to which existing interventions are effectively targeting CI as an outcome. Furthermore, we contend that existing systems-level interventions, including HF and permanent supportive housing alone may not be enough to promote CI among homeless and formerly homeless individuals. Future research should focus on the development and evaluation of interventions that more effectively target this critical construct.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.024 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".