Modeled Impacts of Sea Ice Exchange Processes on Arctic Ocean Carbon Uptake and Acidification (1980–2015)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A regional Arctic ice ocean model incorporating biogeochemical processes occurring inside the sea ice and water column is used to assess changes to the Arctic Ocean's carbon system, including oceanic carbon uptake and ocean acidification, over the recent period of Arctic sea ice decline (1980–2015). Two novel modifications are the following: (1) incorporation of carbon uptake by sea ice algae and (2) modification of the sea ice carbon pump to allow for vertical transport by brine plumes with high concentrations of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TA) to the bottom of the mixed layer. The simulated carbon uptake north of 66.5°N increases by 20%, from 110 to 135 Tg C yr −1 from 1980–2015, and the mean pan‐Arctic sea surface pH decreases from 8.1 to 8.0. There is substantial regional and seasonal variability, highlighting potential problems with interpolating sparse measurements. Two sensitivity studies assess the effects of modifications to the near‐surface carbonate system. First, excluding the sea ice carbon pump results in a marked decrease in seasonal variability of pan‐Arctic‐mean sea surface DIC (∼25% less than the standard run) and TA (∼10% less), suggesting that neglecting the ice carbon pump results in models overestimating the saturation state in summer. Second, neglecting the sea ice algae results in an underestimation of the Arctic Ocean's annual carbon uptake (∼3% per year), indicating that the accumulating year‐on‐year underestimation of annual carbon uptake, as a result of neglecting sea ice algae, would lead to increasing error over multidecadal runs of polar ocean models.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".