Evaluation of metabolic changes in Parkinson's disease patients with different severities of cognitive impairments by 18F-FDG PET/CT brain imaging
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective To investigate the characteristics of cerebral glucose metabolism (CGM) in PD patients with cognitive impairment (PD-CI) using 18F-FDG PET/CT, and to analyze the correlation between the progress of PD-CI and CGM changes. Methods A total of 31 idiopathic PD patients (14 males, 17 females, aged 37-77 years) from May 2013 to February 2014 were divided into 3 groups based on Montreal cognitive assessment (MOCA): none CI in PD (PD-NC) group (MOCA>26 scores), mild CI in PD (PD-MCI) group (MOCA 21-26 scores), PD with dementia (PDD) group (MOCA<21 scores). The normal controls (NC) group included 12 age- and gender-matched healthy adults (7 males, 5 females, aged 40-76 years). All subjects underwent PET/CT imaging after intravenous injection of 18F-FDG(5.55 MBq/kg). MIMneuro software was used to analyze the data. The correlation between the CGM and cognitive function was analyzed using Pearson or Spearman correlation analysis. Results (1) Compared with NC group, PDD group presented a widespread cortical metabolism decrease in frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital lobes and the limbic lobe; PD-MCI group showed hypometabolic areas in the parietal and occipital lobes, and with less extent in the frontal and temporal lobes; PD-NC group showed no significant cerebral hypometabolism. (2) Compared with PD-NC group, PDD group showed widespread cortical metabolism decrease in occipital lobe, temporal lobe, partial parietal cortex and the posterior cingulated cortex. Compared with PD-MCI group, PDD group had lower metabolism, mainly in posterior brain areas (parietal, occipital and temporal lobes). Compared with PD-NC group, PD-MCI group showed hypometabolism in right supramarginal gyrus and the left parahippocampal gyrus. (3) There were positive correlations between visuospatial/executive function and visual cortex metabolism, angular gyrus metabolism or superior parietal lobule metabolism (r=0.535, 0.443, 0.395; all P<0.05). A positive correlation was also found between delayed memory and heschl's gyrus metabolism (r=0.337, P<0.05). Conclusions The cerebral glucose metabolism detected with 18F-FDG PET/CT is well correlated with MOCA assessments. Thus it may be helpful in evaluation of the progress of cognitive impairments in PD. Key words: Parkinson disease; Cognition disorders; Tomography, emission-computed; Tomography, X-ray computed; Deoxyglucose
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".