The comparison of urine AD7c-NTP levels and olfactory function among three types of dementia patients
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective To explore the diagnostic value of Alzheimer-associated neuronal thread protein(AD7C-NTP)and olfactory function in the differentiation of three types of dementia, and to evaluate their clinical application value. Methods Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)and Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA)were applied to evaluate cognitive function of all subjects with Alzheimer disease(AD), frontotemporal dementia(FTLD), or mixed dementia(MD). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect the expression levels of AD7c-NTP in urine.T&T test method was applied to detect the olfactory function.Spearman rank correlation was used to evaluate the correlation of urine AD7c-NTP with MMSE and MoCA scores. Results There was no significant difference in the demographic profile(except age)among three types of dementia of AD, FTLD and MD(F=4.05, P=0.02). Among the three dementia groups, the mean age of the MD group was highest.The statistically significant difference in MMSE scores was found among the three groups(F=3.79, P=0.03), while there was no significant difference in MoCA and NPI scores among the three dementia groups.The levels of the urine AD7c-NTP were different among the three dementia groups, but without statistical significance(H=1.25, P=0.53). Additionally, the FTLD group had the highest urine AD7c-NTP level.Spearman rank correlation analysis showed no correlation of AD7c-NTP with MMSE and MoCA(r=0.18, P=0.25; r=0.14, P=0.39, respectively). No differences in olfactory function of the recognition domain(H=3.40, P=0.18)and in the detection domain(H=2.07, P=0.36)were found among three dementia groups of AD, FTLD and MD. Conclusions The level of urine AD7c-NTP is not of clinical significance in differentiating three types of dementia, and it is not correlated with the MMSE and MoCA scores.This study fails to find the clinical value of olfactory function test for distinguishing three types of dementia. Key words: Dementia; Alzheimer-associated neuronal thread protein; Olfactory function
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".