Antibiotic resistance surveillance in and genotyping of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from Hainan province during 2011-2012
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the antibiotic resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) isolates from Hainan province,and to assess their genotypes according to antibiotic resistance-associated genes.Methods Totally,214 NG strains isolated from Hainan province during 2011-2012 were included in this study.An agar dilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ciprofloxacin,ceftriaxone,spectinomycin and tetracycline in these strains.The production of β-lactamase was tested by a paper acidometric method.PCR was performed to amplify the tetM gene in TRNG strains and TEM-1 gene in penicillinase-producing NG (PPNG) strains for their genotyping.Results Among these NG strains,7.94％ (17/214) were moderately sensitive to ciprofloxacin with a resistance rate of 92.06％ (197/214),24.30％ (52/214) were sensitive to ceftriaxone with a moderate sensitivity rate of 75.70％ (162/214),and none was resistant to spectinomycin.Additionally,39 isolates (18.22％) were concurrently resistant to both tetracycline and penicillin,66 isolates (30.84％) to penicillin and ciprofloxacin,91 isolates (42.52.％) to tetracycline and ciprofloxacin,and 37 isolates (17.29％) to tetracycline,penicillin and ciprofloxacin.Totally,101 TRNG strains were identified from all the isolates,of which,99 (98.02％)harbored the Dutch variant of the tetM gene,and 2 (1.98％) harbored the American variant.There were 65 (31.31％)PPNG strains in these isolates,among which,55 (84.62％) carried the Asian type plasmids,10 (15.38％) carried the Africa type plasmids,and none carried the Toronto or Rio type plasmids.Conclusions The NG isolates from Hainan province is highly sensitive to spectinomycin,which should serve as the first treatment choice for gonorrhea.More attention should be paid to multi-drug resistance in NG.In this region,most PPNG strains carry the Asian type plasmids,followed by the Africa type plasmids,and the Dutch variant of the tetM gene is the most common variant among TRNG strains with the American variant as the occasional form. Key words: Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Drug resistance; Genes, TetM; Genes, TEM-1; Genotype
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".