Images – A series of congenital mesonephric/Wolffian duct abnormalities in the adult and pediatric populations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Case report 1A ten-month old male developed a febrile urinary tract infection and urinary retention after hypospadias repair.Urethral catheterization was performed without difficulty.Prenatal ultrasounds had demonstrated a solitary right kidney.A repeat ultrasound revealed a solitary right kidney and a tubular pelvic structure on the left side behind the bladder.Voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) was obtained.This revealed an irregular bladder contour and reflux into what was believed to be dilated, duplicated left ureters that ended blindly in the retroperitoneum.The patient was managed with antibiotic prophylaxis initially and over the next several months he developed recurrent urinary tract infections and urinary retention.At 18 months of age, the patient was taken to the operating room for cystoscopy and left retrograde urography that revealed a left-sided tubular structure that coursed cranially into the retroperitoneum then downward into the pelvis.Ureterovasal fusion was demonstrated with retrograde filling of the epididymis.(Figure 1).Robotic assisted laparoscopic excision of the left ureter was performed.Intraoperative examination of the renal fossa did not reveal a renal remnant.At two year follow up he did well with resolution of his retention and infections. Case report 2A two-year-old boy was referred to the pediatric urology clinic for recurrent urinary tract infections and episodes of right epididymo-orchitis.He was born with imperforate anus and underwent posterior sagittal anorectal repair at an outside institution.Original ultrasound revealed a hydronephrotic right kidney with parenchymal thinning.Voiding cystourethrogram revealed grade 5 reflux of the right kidney and diuretic renal scanning revealed <5% minimal function of the right kidney.Diagnostic cystoscopy and right retrograde
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".