Small Bowel Volvulus In Adult: A Review Of Literature
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A Small bowel volvulus is a rare entity where the small bowel loop twists around its own mesentery. These twisting may produce a mechanical obstruction, vascular compromise, or both. In North America and Western Europe, the annual incidence of small bowel volvulus is 1.7 to 5.7 cases per 100,000, but much higher rates of 24 to 60 cases per 100,000 have been observed in Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and India. Small bowel volvulus can be classified as primary and secondary subtypes. In primary variety, there is no known cause whereas secondary variety occurs due to the presence of predisposing lesions, either congenital or acquired of which postoperative adhesion is the most common responsible factor. The most commonly accepted explanation for the initiation of primary small bowel volvulus is the abnormal bowel peristalsis generated due to the sudden overfilling of the empty bowel loop with a large portion of meal after prolong fasting. Secondary small bowel volvulus is commonly seen in the elderly population with mixed gender distribution. There are no specific clinical features or laboratory findings and a high index of suspicion is required to reach a diagnosis. Abdominal pain is the most common presenting feature of small bowel volvulus. CT scan is the investigation of choice and a whirl sign is the characteristic finding of bowel volvulus. Urgent Surgical exploration is the treatment of choice to prevent complications due to vascular compromise. Although small bowel volvulus is rare, it has a mortality rate between 9% and 35%, which can reach up to 100% if associated with bowel necrosis.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.008 | 0.008 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".