Carbonate burial dissolution related to faults and fractures in the Triassic Daye Formation of the Huandiqiao Section, Huangshi Area, Hubei, China
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Carbonate burial dissolution is generally associated with faults and fractures, accompanied by formation of the fracture–vug system that can provide important reservoir space for oil and gas accumulation. Taking the Lower Triassic Daye Formation in the Huandiqiao Section, Huangshi Area, Middle Yangtze Paraplatform, China, as an example, this study elaborates genetic mechanisms of faults and fractures, features of burial dissolution and cementation, and properties of karst water, accompanied by establishment of a genetic model that illustrates the whole process of burial dissolution and cementation. There are a total of nine reverse faults with dominant northwest dips in the study section. Fractures are selectively developed in hanging walls of the nine faults, with tensile features and dominant north–northeast and north–northwest strikes. Dendritic dissolution and subsequent cementation is prevalent in the hanging wall, while they are rare in the footwall. Most of the cements in the fractures of the hanging walls are calcites, with a fluid inclusion homogenization temperature range of 70∼120 °C, overgrowth bands at the pore edge with different luminous intensities, low contents of Na, Ba, K, and Sr, and high contents of Fe, Mn, and Mg. All these characteristics indicate the karst fluid to originate from calcium-rich formation water with hydrothermal genesis. The formation of the dendritic vug and fracture system is ascribed to the upward migration of hydrothermal fluids along the fault planes and fractures that result in selective dissolution. As the water circulation weakens, CaCO3 is gradually supersaturated in the distal zone with reference to the fault as well as the stagnant and weak-circulation zone, eventually forming a complex vug and fracture system.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".