Chemotaxonomic Profiling of Canadian Alternaria Populations Using High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Alternaria spp. occur as plant pathogens worldwide under field and storage conditions. They lead to food spoilage and also produce several classes of secondary metabolites that contaminate the food production chain. From a food safety perspective, the major challenge of assessing the risk of Alternaria contamination is the lack of a clear consensus on their species-level taxonomy. Furthermore, there are currently no reliable DNA sequencing methods to allow for differentiation of the toxigenic potential of these fungi. Our objective was to determine which species of Alternaria exist in Canada, and to describe the compounds they make. To address these issues, we performed metabolomic profiling using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) on 128 Canadian strains of Alternaria to determine their chemotaxonomy. The Alternaria strains were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and unbiased k-means clustering to identify metabolites with significant differences (p < 0.001) between groups. Four populations or ‘chemotypes’ were identified within the strains studied, and several known secondary metabolites of Alternaria were identified as distinguishing metabolites, including tenuazonic acid, phomapyrones, and altenuene. Though species-level identifications could not be concluded for all groups through metabolomics alone, A. infectoria was able to be identified as a distinct population.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it