Induced Polarisation (IP) Laboratory Measurements on Escherichia Coli (E. Coli)-Sand Mixtures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary For the characterization and monitoring of in-situ remediation of chlorinated hydrocarbon contamination, interdisciplinary approaches and geophysical methods are needed to secure water supply of sufficient quality and quantity. Geophysical methods, such as IP (induced polarisation) could be used to investigate bioremediation processes. However, to interpret geophysical field IP data, lab investigations with different kinds of bacteria are necessary to assess the sensitivity of the methods for these specific applications. Therefore, a first experiment was conducted with E. coli bacteria in sterilised Ottawa sand environment. These bacteria-sand-mixtures were harvested at different days and measured with e.g., SIP (spectral IP) under laboratory conditions. A slight increase in phase and a decrease in resistivity were observed after several days of bacterial growth with sand, with a later decrease in phase appearing to coincide with die-off of the bacteria. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed bacteria attached to the sand grains which could modify the grain surface (e.g. increasing the grain surface area and/or form a biofilm) and thus impact IP measurements. In future, the number of bacteria present in the sand will be determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to detect bacterial DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".