PENTOSAN POLYSULFATE SODIUM-INDUCED PIGMENTARY MACULOPATHY WITH NONLEAKING CYSTOID MACULAR EDEMA SUCCESSFULLY TREATED WITH ANTI–VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR THERAPY
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: To report a case of nonleaking cystoid macular edema (CME) associated with pentosan polysulfate sodium (PPS)-induced pigmentary maculopathy. METHODS: Multimodal imaging, including optical coherence tomography, fundus photography, autofluorescence, and fluorescein angiography, was used to substantiate our diagnosis, further characterize the cystoid macular edema showed by our patient and to monitor the response to treatment. RESULTS: A 59-year-old woman was referred for decreased visual acuity and bilateral macular edema. She had been treated for interstitial cystitis with PPS for 10 years. Multimodal imaging showed the characteristic features of PPS-induced pigmentary maculopathy. Moreover, fluorescein angiogram showed nonleaking cystoid macular edema in both eyes. She was treated successfully with intravitreal injections of bevacizumab. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this report is the first to demonstrate that PPS-associated cystoid macular edema can be nonleaking on fluorescein angiography and responds well to intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".