Antioxidant and Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitory Properties of Cashew Nut and Fluted-Pumpkin Protein Hydrolysates
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Key words: fl uted pumpkin, cashew nut, protein hydrolysates, renin, angiotensin converting enzyme, antioxidant Antioxidant and renin-angiotensin system (RAS)-inhibitory protein hydrolysates derived from the enzymatic hydrolysis of cashew nut (CNP) and fl uted pumpkin (FPP) proteins were investigated.The CNP and FPP hydrolysates (CNPH and FPPH) from pepsin or Alcalase treatments were subjected to membrane ultrafi ltration using different MWCOs to obtain <1, 1-3, 3-5, 5-10, and >10 kDa peptide fractions.Hydrolysis of protein isolates at similar enzyme levels allowed obtaining peptic hydrolysates with a lower degree of hydrolysis (46.7-48.0%)when compared to the Alcalase--produced hydrolysates (47.7-50.3%).Amino acid composition revealed that CNPH had 28% hydrophobic residues when compared to higher contents (32-35%) in the 3-10 kDa peptide fractions.In contrast, aromatic residues increased from 8% in the FPPH to 9-13% in the peptide fractions.The in vitro • OH and DPPH • scavenging activities were signifi cantly (p<0.05)enhanced by ultrafi ltration but potency was inversely related to peptide size.The ferric-reducing power was the highest for the <1 kDa CNPH (2.47) when compared to 1.33 for CNPH and other peptide fractions.Metal chelation ability was signifi cantly (p<0.05)enhanced by ultrafi ltration only for the CNPH with 21% compared to ~96% for the peptide fractions.ACE inhibition was signifi cantly (p<0.05)lower for the Alcalase CNPH and peptide fractions (~87%) compared to ~92% of pepsin-CNPH.However, renin inhibition was signifi cantly (p<0.05)increased by ultrafi ltration from 45.7 and 62.1% to ~82.4 and 96.5% for FPPH and CNPH, respectively.We conclude that the strong antioxidant properties coupled with RAS inhibition make CNPH and FPPH as well as their low molecular weight peptides potential ingredients to formulate health-promoting foods.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".