Low CD4 Level Increased the Risk of Cognitive Impairment in the HIV Patient
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: HIV infection leads to neurological damage that results in cognitive and behavioural impairment called HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). There are several factors associated with HAND which include the CD4 count. Patients who present with the CD4 level lower than 200 cells/mm 3 are considered very vulnerable of experiencing neurological complications such as HAND. Objective: To investigate the association between CD4 level and cognitive impairment evaluated using MoCA-INA among HIV patients. Materials and Method: This cross-sectional study involves 72 consecutive patients with HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) infection from the Infecion Ward of Soetomo General Hospital Indonesia. All participating patients was measured its cognitive impairment through MoCA-INA score. Blood samples were collected for CD4 evaluation. Statistics were evaluated with SPSS 25.0. Results: The research participant consisted of 43 (59.7%) male and 29 (40.3%) female with mean age of 38.22 ± 9.159, CD4 level of 447.4 ± 247.48 and MoCA-INA score of 26.36 ± 2.770. Chi-Square analysis showed a significant difference (p-value of 0.023) in the cognitive function in the HIV patient with low CD4 (CD4<200cell/mm 3 ) compared tonormal CD4 (CD4≥200 cell/mm 3 ) with Odd Ratio of 4.900 (95% CI, 1.278–18.793). Conclusions: Low CD4 level increase the risk of cognitive impairment assessed using MoCA-INA scoring system. These suggested that HIV patient with low CD4 should have initial screening of cognitive impairment.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".