Effect of frequency of dosing of plant sterols on plasma cholesterol levels and synthesis rate
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objective was to compare the effects of plant sterols (PS) consumed as a single dose (single) at breakfast or as three doses consumed with breakfast, lunch and dinner (divided) on plasma lipoprotien levels and cholesterol endogenous fractional synthesis rate (FSR). A randomized, placebo‐controlled, 3 phases crossover, supervised single blind feeding trial was conducted in 19 subjects with LDL‐ cholesterol levels ≥3.0 mmol/L. All food and drink were provided in isocaloric amounts. Each subject consumed in random order; control margarine with each meal; PS‐enriched margarine (1.8 g of PS) with breakfast and control margarine with lunch and dinner, or PS‐enriched margarine divided equally at each of 3 meals. Relative to the control, endpoint plasma LDL cholesterol levels were lowest during the period when PS divided ( P < 0.05) and not significantly different when the PS single was consumed (3.43 ± 0.62, 3.30 ± 0.65 and 3.22 ± 0.58 mmol/l, control, PS single and PS divided, respectively). Cholesterol FSR tended to be highest ( P = 0.0550) during the PS divided (0.0827 ± 0.0278, 0.0834 ± 0.0245 and 0.0913 ± 0.0221 pool/d, control, PS single and PS divided, respectively). In conclusion, PS divided was more efficacious than PS single in decreasing LDL cholesterol levels, relative to control. This effect appeared to be attributable to feedback up‐regulation of cholesterol FSR in response to reduced cholesterol absorption. These data suggest that dosing frequency is a critical factor in the cholesterol lowering potential of PS.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".