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Record W3036955273 · doi:10.1093/em/caaa029

Internet score libraries

2020· article· en· W3036955273 on OpenAlex
Adrian Horsewood

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueEarly Music · 2020
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldComputer Science
TopicMusic and Audio Processing
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsPublic domainResource (disambiguation)The InternetPoint (geometry)World Wide WebMusicalOrder (exchange)Computer sciencesortDownloadInternet privacyHistoryBusinessArtVisual artsInformation retrievalMathematics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

In contrast to those websites already discussed by previous authors in this ongoing series of reviews—which have mostly concentrated on the (naturally, first-rate) products of established and institution-based research projects—the focus here is on online resources that are more akin to repositories of public-domain, copyright-free material. The defining feature of the majority of these is that their content is user-generated (whether by a single creator or by a network of collaborative contributors) and as such does not carry any sort of institutional imprimatur; furthermore, in almost all cases users incur no charge to access the resources. Needless to say, such a model has both advantages and disadvantages for those on the hunt for early music material, but—as has been noted previously—the informed use of several of these resources in conjunction with one another, in order to mitigate the limitations of each individual website, can prove rewarding and hopefully successful. A natural starting point for any discussion of this kind of online resource is the International Music Score Library Project (www.imslp.org)—also known, for obvious reasons, as the Petrucci Music Library, but now universally referred to by its initials IMSLP—perhaps the leading online resource for free musical scores. Launched in 2006 by Canadian Edward W. Guo during his second year studying composition at the New England Conservatory, IMSLP is now far and away the largest website of its kind—it hosts nearly 500,000 scores of over 150,000 works, all of which are public-domain or licensed material—and has become such a mainstay of digital music research thanks to its scope and ease of use that it has been recommended as a resource for students at universities all over the world. Additionally, IMSLP hosts nearly 60,000 public-domain recordings of works for which the score is also available; these tend to be either out of copyright, historic recordings or user-created versions generally shared under a Creative Commons licence. (Since 2015 the site has also offered subscriptions, the benefits of which include advertising-free browsing, the removal of an enforced 15-second wait before the downloading of certain files and access to the Naxos Music Library of digital recordings.)

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.705
Threshold uncertainty score0.467

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.001
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.070
GPT teacher head0.210
Teacher spread0.140 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it