Geophysical Surveys and Spatial Analysis: Late Prehistoric Period Site Patterning at the Junction Site (DkPi-2)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To understand the bigger picture of how people organized their space in Late Prehistoric Period camps, we need to look at large areas and examine the feature placement as people define the space around them. While excavations are often limited to small areas due to time and cost, geophysical surveys provide a method of examining large areas of a site relatively quickly and at relatively low cost. Extensive geophysical surveys at the Junction Site (DkPi-2) examined 7.9 hectares with magnetometry and 1 hectare with ground penetrating radar, revealing several types of anomalies in various configurations extending across large portions of the site. Within the magnetic data, anomaly groups form clusters, lines, and other arrangements that hint at the underlying spatial organization of activities at Junction. Excavation by Lifeways of Canada, Ltd. in 2017 and 2018 confirmed several anomalies as archaeological, revealing hearths, roasting pits, piles of fire broken rock, and other features. Anomalies are assessed using spatial analysis methods to identify patterns and clustering, connecting anomaly groups to potential archaeological feature arrangements. In addition, matrix samples from archaeological features and exposed profiles provide a geoarchaeological background to the site, improving the interpretation of the magnetic surveys by characterizing feature types in terms of magnetic susceptibility, particle size, loss on ignition, conductivity, and pH. Archaeological feature patterning at Junction varies depending on the area of the site and its underlying use: processing camp areas have a denser concentration of magnetic anomalies, linear patterns, and anomaly pairs, while winter domestic camp areas have fewer anomalies, but regularly spaced linear alignments. The linear alignments in the winter camp areas most likely represent internal lodge hearths with the lodges aligned parallel to topographic features. This project demonstrates the applicability of magnetometry on Northwestern Plains sites as well as the presence of patterning at Junction (DkPi-2) during the Late Prehistoric Period. Combined with the excavation data, the patterns hint at the spatial organization of the site and provide clues to the use of space by Old Women’s phase people in winter campsites and processing camps.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".