PP.38.14
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: To investigate salt (sodium) and potassium (K) intakes and sodium (Na)/K ratios by 24 hours urine collection (24U) and to compare results in junior high (JH) school students in India and Japan. Design and method: We conducted the Health Examination in JH school students at the Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India in 2013. The survey was also conducted in JH school students in Nishinomiya, Japan in 2009–2011. A total of 201 healthy students aged 12–15 years in India and 203 healthy students aged 13–15 years participated. We measured anthropometric indices, body composition by body composition meter (Inbody 430, Biospace), blood pressure (BP) in sitting position after 10 minutes rest by using an automated BP system (HEM 907, Omron). We also conducted 24U and evaluated 24-hr urinary excretion of Na and K. Results: A total of 112 students (average age 13.2 ± 0.7 in 80 boys and 13.1 ± 0.5 in 32 girls in India and 157 students (average age 14.5 ± 0.6 in 48 boys and 14.0 ± 0.8 in 109 girls in Japan completed 24U. Estimated salt intakes (g/day) in Indian boys and girls were 9.3 ± 3.3 and 9.2 ± 3.9, respectively, and 24-hr K excretions (mg/day) in boys and girls were 823.3 ± 295.6 and 775.2 ± 426.9, respectively. 24-hr urinary Na/K ratios (mmol/mmol) in Indian boys and girls were 7.2 ± 2.5 and 8.0 ± 3.2, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in Japan (4.3 ± 1.9 in boys, 4.4 ± 2.2 in girls). Urinary K excretions were significantly higher in Japan (1643.3 ± 693.2 in boys, 1270.3 ± 498.5 in girls). Japanese boys were significantly higher in height and BMI, but body fat percentage was significantly lower than Indian students. Systolic BP was significantly higher in Japanese but diastolic BP was significantly higher in Indian boys. The heart rates were significantly higher in Indian boys and girls than in Japanese. Conclusions: JH school students in India showed significantly lower urinary K excretion and higher urinary Na/K ratios estimated by 24U. These nutrition statuses would be unfavorable for future BP in India.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.590 | 0.526 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".