THE APPROACH OF CANADIAN PRIME MINISTER JEAN CHRÉTIEN TO THE OCCUPATION OF IRAQ
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The invasion of Iraq in 2003 was an important milestone in international relations.Bush 2 administration wanted to topple Saddam regime.He put forward that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction.According to him, Saddam regime was very dangerous for peace and security of the world.Some countries didn't support this opinion while others were endorsing this point of view.At the time of the invasion, Canada and its government were hesitating about claims of Bush administration.Canadian Prime Minister Jean Chrétien and his government didn't send military forces to invading Iraq on 20 March 2003.Which factors caused Prime Minister Jean Chrétien and his government to take the decision not to go to the war?This is our research question.Although Canada and the US had strong relations, Canadian foreign policy didn't support the invasion of Iraq under Chrétien government at the time of the occupation.This article argued that there were four reasons of this decision.The first reason is that Canadian public opinion didn't support the occupation of Iraq by Canadian military forces.63 percent of Canadian people were opposed to military attack on Iraq by Canadian troops.The second reason is that according to Prime Minister Jean Chrétien, weapons of mass destruction of Iraq should be analyzed thoroughly.The United Nations inspection teams should do more research.There was no strong evidence that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction.The third reason is that Prime Minister Jean Chrétien didn't want to make action without endorsement of the UN Security Council.He stressed that Canada would not join the war unless the Security Council adopts a new resolution authorizing military intervention.The fourth reason is to show political independence of Canada in constructing its own foreign policy.Prime Minister Jean Chrétien criticized that some people perceived Canada as the 51 st state of the US.He stated that this non-interventionist decision consolidated political independence of Canada in foreign policy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.053 | 0.017 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".