Time and space-resolved imaging of an AC air discharge in contact with water
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Numerous physical and chemical phenomena are involved in liquid plasmas. These phenomena are highly sensitive to the plasma source and to experimental conditions. In this study, we investigate the temporal dynamics of an AC-sustained plasma produced in air by a discharge between a pin electrode and water. Depending on the gap distance (d), a discharge transition is observed at d = 4.5 mm. At d < 4.5 mm, voltage drop is observed during both positive and negative half-periods (i.e. when water is cathode and anode, respectively). Meanwhile, at d > 4.5 mm, voltage drop is observed only during the negative half-period (i.e. when water is anode). Before transition and when water is cathode, the plasma emission in the gap space consists of two components: a conical-like emission at the water surface and a cylindrical-like emission in the gap. When water is anode, strong emission is observed at the electrode pin, along with a disc-like emission at the water surface. Increasing d beyond 4.5 mm (i.e. after transition) modifies the emission structure at the water surface, forming an inner homogeneous spot at the center of an outer ring. The temporal evolution of the emission in the gap and at the water surface is also discussed, and its relationship with the injected power is assessed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".