Three-Dimensional Structure Of C3D From Low Temperature Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Crystallography
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Macromolecular structure can be solved by x-ray crystallography to atomic resolution provided that the molecule can be crystallized, that the crystals diffract x-rays to high resolution, and that the phases of the diffracted x-rays can be determined. Though the resolution of single particle imaging by electron microscopy is lower than that of x-ray diffraction by crystals, electron microscopy can directly image a large molecular weight range of macromolecules in a non-crystalline environment, and provide the basis for the three-dimensional reconstruction of these structures. To investigate combining structural information from x-ray crystallography and electron microscopy for unknown structures, we have imaged a small protein of known structure (1), the 35 kDa human complement protein fragment C3d, in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). The intention is to eventually combine the knowledge of electron densities and molecular boundaries from electron microscopy to assist in phase determination in x-ray crystallography.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".