Investigation of the nutritional composition of different types of salmon available to Canadian consumers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Salmon is regarded as an excellent source of nutrients and there are numerous choices in the types of salmon available. In North America, nutritional labelling for fresh seafood is not required. The lack of nutritional information may be confusing to some consumers when selecting a product for specific health benefits. The aim of this study was to examine the nutritional composition of different types of salmon fillets that are commonly available to Canadian consumers, which included different species, wild and farmed, organic, and environmental sustainability certifications. Six types of salmon were analyzed: farmed Atlantic, farmed organic Atlantic, farmed organic Chinook, wild Chinook, wild Pacific (pink), and wild Sockeye. Protein, fat, fatty acids, amino acids, potassium, iron, cholesterol, and mercury were analyzed. Wild Pacific was the most dissimilar salmon type, due to high moisture content (79%), and lowest fat (0.8%) and fatty acid content, compared with all salmon types. Protein and fat were highest wild Sockeye, wild Chinook, and farmed Atlantic salmon. DHA and EPA were highest in wild Sockeye (81 mg/g) and wild Chinook (79 mg/g), and lower in farmed organic Chinook (23 mg/g), farmed Atlantic (20 mg/g), farmed organic Atlantic (16 mg/g), and wild Pacific (10 mg/g). Mercury was highest in farmed organic Chinook (0.3 μg/g) and lowest in farmed Atlantic (38% lower) and farmed organic Atlantic. Considering nutrient profiles as multivariable, PERMANOVA revealed significant differences due to salmon type, and whether it was wild or farmed, organic or non-organic, certified or not certified. Wild Sockeye and Chinook were found to be the most nutrient-dense and have the highest omega-3 content. However, for frequent consumption, farmed Atlantic salmon is an excellent option due to nutrient density, low mercury, affordability, and availability. This study is important as an indicator of the current nutritional status of various salmon products.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".