Atmospheric Deposition of Organochlorine Pesticides and Industrial Compounds to Seasonal Surface Snow at Four Glacier Sites on Svalbard, 2013–2014
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Winter snow from four glacial sites on Svalbard was analyzed for atmospheric deposition of 36 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and 7 industrial compounds (OCICs) by GC–high-resolution MS. Thirteen of the OCPs and all OCICs were detected at all sites. Sampling sites are 230 km apart from west to east, but are at varying elevations, ranging from 700 to 1202 m a.s.l. Total OCP flux was greater than total OCIC at all sites and was 5 times greater at Lomonosovfonna, and 3 times greater at Austfonna, the most easterly site. Chlorpyrifos dominated OCP flux at Lomonosovfonna (81.7 pg cm –2 yr –1 ) and Kongsvegen (60.6 pg cm –2 yr –1 ), and at Austfonna, but not at Holtedahlfonna where dieldrin dominated. trans -chlordane was a major contributor to OCPs. These three pesticides comprised at least 50% of total OCP at each site. OCIC flux was dominated by pentachloroanisole (PCA) at Lomonosovfonna (23.5 pg cm –2 yr –1 ) and Kongsvegen (14.1 pg cm –2 yr –1 ). PCA and hexachlorobenzene comprised at least 63% of all OCICs at each site. Air mass frequency from likely source areas showed that Austfonna had the most frequent long-distance air flow, but showed lower amounts of chlorpyrifos and PCA, suggesting local sources of these compounds to other sites.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".