Factor Structure of The Malay-Version Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) Questionnaire among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Malay-version Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaire previously demonstrated good concurrent validity, i.e. sensitivity and specificity as a screening instrument for anxiety. However, its psychometric properties on factorial validity had not been further investigated. This study investigated the factor structure of the Malay-version GAD-7 in among 300 diabetic outpatients (mean age: 60.4 years, SD: 13.4 years; 52.7% male) in a Malaysian university hospital in Kuala Lumpur. Study participants completed questionnaires on sociodemographic information, the GAD-7, the Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI), and the WHOQOL-BREF instrument. The Malay-version GAD-7 displayed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α=0.91) and satisfactory convergent validity with depression (Pearson’s R=0.642, p 1 (eigenvalue=4.614), suggesting a unidimensional factor structure. All seven items were loaded on a higher-order factor (‘generalized anxiety’) in confirmatory factor analysis. This model did not have a good fit with the data. After examining the modification indices, the model was respecified to allow covariance of the error terms of items 1 and 2, and 2 and 3. The respecified model appeared to fit the data better (χ2=35.216, df=12, p<0.001, CFI=0.98, TLI=0.97, RMSEA=0.08, and AIC=67.22). The findings suggested that items 1, 2 and 3 of GAD-7 may share distinctive variance out of that explained by the ‘generalized anxiety’ factor. Overall, the Malay-version GAD-7 appeared to be a valid measurement of the symptoms of anxiety in this study.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".