Field-based oxygen isotope fractionation for the conservation of imperilled fishes: an application with the threatened silver shiner Notropis photogenis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Identifying the realized thermal habitat of animals is important for understanding life history and population processes, yet methods to estimate realized thermal use are lacking for many small-bodied organisms, including imperilled fishes. Analysis of oxygen isotopes provides one solution, but requires the development of species-specific fractionation equations. To date, such equations have generally been limited to commercial or game fish species. Here, we developed a field-based fractionation equation for the threatened silver shiner Notropis photogenis to better understand the thermal ecology of the species in an urban watershed. Archived otoliths were analyzed for oxygen isotope values (δ 18 O). There was a significant linear relationship between otolith isotope fractionation and water temperature, described by δ 18 O otolith(VPBD) - δ 18 O water(VPBD) = 32.03 - 0.21(°C). Results indicate that otolith isotope techniques can be used to identify the average relative temperature occupied by silver shiner, representing the first investigation of oxygen isotopes to understand thermal occupancy of the species. This field-based equation provides an opportunity to understand how silver shiner may respond to alterations in stream temperatures resulting from urbanization and climate effects and may be useful in identifying thermal refugia for the species. Field-based, species-specific fractionation equations can provide insights into the thermal ecology of many small-bodied fishes, which are increasingly imperilled due to thermal stressors.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".