Nikolay Antov. The Ottoman “Wild West”: The Balkan Frontier in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Nikolay Antov’s The Ottoman “Wild West”: The Balkan Frontier in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries, with the enticing and somewhat jolting “Wild West” in its title, is not about an equivalent of cowboys and Indians battling in a wide-open “Great Plains” steppe borderland. However, it has dervishes—some as half-naked mendicant gurus menacing the insufficiently pious or overly imperious with wooden clubs, others as mounted ghazi warriors, and yet others as convent-building and village-founding monks. The book also features a group of originally Anatolian, semi-nomadic, and Shiʾi-minded Turcomans, who were a mainstay of early Ottoman conquests in southeastern Europe, though who were at the same time antipathetic to the Ottoman order. We learn how by the end of the sixteenth century, by both counteracting and leveraging dervish networks and Turcoman tribes, the Ottomans transformed a remote, underpopulated, and underinstitutionalized “internal frontier” zone into an area densely populated by a largely heterodox Muslim majority compliant with Ottoman rule. The Turkic and largely non-Sunni Muslim character of the population continued over the centuries, and even today there are localities with a strong presence of so-called Alevi-Beshiktashis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".