Insulin Receptor: Structure Via 3D EM Reconstruction, Crystallography and NMR Reveals Details of Ligand Binding and Mechanism of Transmembrane Signalling
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract For over 25 years a major effort in electron microscopy of macromolecules has been the determination of the three dimensional structure from the two-dimensional electron micrographs of such specimens. Great success has been realized when the macromolecule or complex takes the form of an array such as a 2D crystal (1,2), a helical structure (3,4) or one with icosahedral symmetry (5,6). However, for molecules which do not form such arrays, and in the limit only exist as single particles, a number of challenges have had to be addressed. No easy averaging of noisy low dose images is possible due to the lack of lateral and rotational symmetry. Random unknown orientations of the particles have to be determined, a process exacerbated by noise if low dose images are used as input. Alternatively, higher dose images result in radiation-induced structural alterations of the macromolecule.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".