A Promoted Charge Separation/Transfer System from Cu Single Atoms and C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> Layers for Efficient Photocatalysis
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Establishing highly effective charge transfer channels in carbon nitride (C 3 N 4 ) for enhancing its photocatalytic activity is still a challenging issue. Herein, for the first time, the engineering of C 3 N 4 layers with single‐atom Cu bonded with compositional N (CuN x ) is demonstrated to address this challenge. The CuN x is formed by intercalation of chlorophyll sodium copper salt into a melamine‐based supramolecular precursor followed by controlled pyrolysis. Two groups of CuN x are identified: in one group each of Cu atoms is bonded with three in‐plane N atoms, while in the other group each of Cu atoms is bonded with four N atoms of two neighboring C 3 N 4 layers, thus forming both in‐plane and interlayer charge transfer channels. Importantly, ultrafast spectroscopy has further proved that CuN x can greatly improve in‐plane and interlayer separation/transfer of charge carriers and in turn boost the photocatalytic efficiency. Consequently, the catalyst exhibits a superior visible‐light photocatalytic hydrogen production rate (≈212 µmol h −1 /0.02 g catalyst), 30 times higher than that of bulk C 3 N 4 . Moreover, it leads to an outstanding conversion rate (92.3%) and selectivity (99.9%) for the oxidation of benzene under visible light.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it