Is Near-Spherical Shape “the New Black” for Smoke ?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present smoke lidar measurements from the Canadian fires of 2017. The advected smoke layers over Europe are detected at both tropospheric and stratospheric heights, with the latter presenting non-typical values of the Particle Linear Depolarization Ratio (PLDR) with strong wavelength dependence from the UV to the Near-IR. Specifically, the PLDR values are of the order of 22, 18 and 4% at 355, 532 and 1064 nm respectively. In an attempt to interpret these results, we apply the hypothesis that smoke particles have near-spherical shapes. Scattering calculations with the T-matrix code support other findings in the literature ([1]- [2]), showing that the near-spherical shape (or closely similar shapes as in [2]), is the only shape that has been shown to reproduce the observed PLDR and Lidar Ratio (LR) values of the stratospheric smoke particles at the three measurement wavelengths.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.024 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".