Modification of tamarind fruit shell powder with in situ generated copper nanoparticles by single step hydrothermal method
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Tamarind fruit shell powder (TFSP) with particle size of < 50 µm (obtained from cleaned tamarind fruit shells) was modified with in situ generated copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) by simple one step hydrothermal method. The modified TFSP was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and antibacterial tests. The generated stable CuNPs on the surface of the modified TFSP were spherical in shape with an average size of 88 nm. The FT-IR spectroscopy analysis indicated the involvement of the functional groups of the TFSP in the generation and stabilization of the CuNPs. The XRD analysis indicated the presence of both CuNPs and Cu2O nanoparticles in the modified TFSP. The thermal analysis indicated the presence of 5.6 wt% of copper nanoparticles as calculated from the difference of residual char content between the unmodified and modified TFSP. The modified TFSP with in situ generated CuNPs exhibited obvious antibacterial activity against both the Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria and hence can be considered as low cost filler in the preparation of antibacterial polymer hybrid nanocomposites for packaging and medical applications.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it