<i>Swine Manure: A Geochemical Perspective</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract. This study characterized the solution chemistry found in seven swine manure storages in Saskatchewan, Canada in regard to the solution as a source term for potential contaminant transport study and modeling. The species of most concern in EMS seepage is nitrogen. Ammonium nitrogen is the most abundant form of nitrogen and one of the most abundant ions in the EMS effluent studied. Potassium and sodium may be cations of concern as they will likely compete with ammonium for soil exchange sites, which in turn will affect attenuation of ammonium. Bicarbonate and chloride are the most abundant anions (bicarbonate >> chloride). High concentrations of bicarbonate will likely affect precipitation of carbonaceous minerals and may affect solution pH. EMS ponds contain a solution composed of, as a percentage of total molal concentration, 36% ammonium, 36% bicarbonate, 8% potassium, 6% chloride, 5% sodium plus sulphate, calcium, magnesium and other nutrients. Additionally, the solution also contains approximately 6,000 mg/L organic and 9,000 mg/L inorganic carbon and has a near neutral pH. As a result, the solution has a low Eh resulting in nitrogen remaining in the ammonium-N form.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".