Distribution of metal contamination and grain size in the sediments of Nakdong River, Korea
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To assess distribution of metal contamination and grain size in the sediments of Nakdong River (South Korea), surface sediments were collected from 21 sites and analyzed. Within the study area, sand was typically the dominant grain size. However, because of the reduced flow rate and flow velocity, sites adjacent to weirs were composed of relatively fine sediments. A comparison of sediment metal concentrations with sediment quality guidelines proposed by the USA, Canada, and South Korea revealed that sites adjacent to weirs had concentrations that exceeded the standard values. The enrichment factor, index of geo-accumulation, and pollution load index calculation results that the sites adjacent to weirs showed high contamination, with Cd accounting for the highest contamination levels. The metals in the study area varies due to the effect of fine sediments; therefore, high concentrations of metals accumulated adjacent to weirs where fine sediments were distributed in greater proportions. Furthermore, Cd exhibited the greatest contribution to metal contamination in the study area and the highest contamination levels were found at NS19 (adjacent to the Haman weir). Thus, the accumulation of fine sediment increased due to the influence of the weirs, thereby increasing the overall amount of metal contamination.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".