A Rule-Based Classification Method for Mapping Saltmarsh Land-Cover in South-Eastern Bangladesh from Landsat-8 OLI
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Wetland vegetation classification often treated the saltmarsh as a single type of land-cover (LCT). Mapping the dynamic and spatially complex coastal zones using optical remote sensing is still challenging. This study firstly analyzed the spectral properties of target objects generated by Landsat 8 (OLI), formulated new spectral indices and then proposes a rule-based approach to mapping five vegetated (saltmarsh, seagrass, mangrove, non-mangrove forest, and agricultural land) and three non-vegetated (wet sand, saltpan, and built-up areas) LCT in the study area, that is, large coasts located in the south-eastern coasts of Bangladesh. The thresholds of spectral indices were selected from the newly introduced spectral indices over the method development site (Bakkhali estuary). The rule-based LCT classification process followed a set of cascade rules of image thresholding and masking, based on a hierarchical tree in order to generate detailed thematic maps of saltmarsh land-cover. Overall accuracy (OA) and Kappa coefficient (K) of rule-based approach were 84.6% and 0.821, respectively. The reliability and robustness of the approach was tested over two independent external validation test sites: Karnaphuli river estuary and Teknaf peninsula and consistent accuracy results achieved: OA = 81.7% (K = 0.787) and OA = 84.6% (K = 0.821) respectively.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".