Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori virulence genes among Iranian infected patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Helicobacter pylori infection as the worldwide problem is related to many gastrointestinal disorders. Because of antithesis results among different articles; we systematically reviewed articles about the prevalence of H. pylori virulence factors among different diseases (gastritis, gastric cancer, nonulcer disease, peptic ulcer disease, duodenal ulcer) in different regions of Iran. Methods: We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis statement for reporting systematic review and meta-analysis of this study in national and international databases. We searched the cagA, vacA, oipA, babA, iceA, dupA prevalence among infected patients in Iran. We used Newcastle--Ottawa quality for assessing the quality of studies in meta-analyses. Due to significant heterogeneity of the results, random effects model to calculate pooled prevalence estimates with 95% confidence intervals, weighted by study size. Results: Among 1106 reports screened, 28 related articles were eligible for meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence (95% confidence interval) of cagA, vacA, oipA, babA, iceA1, iceA2, dupA were estimated as 62% (21--95), 71.2% (38–82), 71% (13–99), 61.6% (3–96), 36.2% (12–90), 26.2% (13–37), 40.8% (12–55), respectively. Discussion: The frequency of virulence factor genes among H. pylori strains isolated in Iranian patients to be more frequently associated with the gastrointestinal disease compared with the other countries and these data can be considered in development of eradication strategies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.029 | 0.003 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".